Intellectual disability, also called developmental disability or mental retardation, any of several conditions characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning and impaired adaptive behaviour that are identified during the individual’s developmental years. Increasingly, sensitivity to the negative connotations of the label mentally retarded prompted the substitution of other terms, such as mentally challenged, developmentally disabled, and cognitively impaired, with the term intellectually disabled achieving wider currency in the 21st century.
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